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Telfairia occidentalis
''Telfairia occidentalis'' is a tropical vine grown in West Africa as a leaf vegetable and for its edible seeds. Common names for the plant include fluted gourd, fluted pumpkin, and ugu. ''T. occidentalis'' is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family and is indigenous to southern Nigeria.〔Akoroda, M. O. "Ethnobotany of Telfairia occidentalis (Curcurbitacae) among Igbos of Nigera." Economic Botany (1990): 29-39. Jstor.〕 The fluted gourd grows in many nations of West Africa, but is mainly cultivated in Nigeria, used primarily in soups and herbal medicines.〔Nwanna, Esther Emem, et al. "Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Properties of Telfairia occidentalis Leaf (Fluted Pumpkin)." Thesis and Dissertations (Biochemistry) (2008): n. pag. Web. 17 November 2013. 〕 Although the fruit is inedible, the seeds produced by the gourd are high protein and fat, and can, therefore, contribute to a well-balanced diet. The plant is a drought-tolerant, dioecious perennial that is usually grown trellised.
''T. occidentalis'' is traditionally used by an estimated 30 to 35 million people indigenous people in Nigeria, including the Efik, Ibibio, and Urhobo;〔Akoroda, M. O. "Ethnobotany of Telfairia occidentalis (Curcurbitacae) among Igbos of Nigera." Economic Botany (1990): 29-39. Jstor. .〕 However, it was predominantly used by the Igbo tribe, who continue to cultivate the gourd for food sources and traditional medicines.〔Okoli, Bosa E., and C. M. Mgbeogu. "Fluted Pumpkin, Telfairia occidentalis: West African Vegetable Crop." School of Biological Sciences, University of Port-Harcourt 37.2 (1983): 145-49. Springer.〕 A recurring subject in the Igbo’s folklore, the fluted gourd is noted to have healing properties and was used as a blood tonic, to be administered to the weak or ill.〔 It is endemic to southern Nigeria, and was an asset to international food trades of the Igbo tribe Akoroda.〔
==Structure and psychology==
The fluted gourd fruit is quite large; one study documented a range of in length, and an average of 9 cm in diameter.〔 The same study found the seed count in larger gourds to reach upwards of 196 per fruit, typically measuring between 3.4 and 4.9 cm in length.〔 In both the pistillate and staminate varieties, ''T. occidentalis'' flowers grow in sets of five, with creamy-white and dark red petals, contrasting with the light green colour of the fruit when young, and yellow when ripe.〔 Dioecious flowering is most common in the fluted gourd, with very few documented cases of monoecious flowering
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